A Complete Guide to Dental Extraction Forceps: Types & Figure Numbers

What are dental extraction forceps?

Dental extraction forceps are hand instruments used to grip a tooth and deliver it from its socket during an extraction. Each forceps is shaped so that its beaks fit the anatomy of a specific tooth or group of teeth, allowing the clinician to apply controlled force along the long axis of the root. Choosing the correct pattern makes an extraction faster, safer and more predictable.

How figure numbers work

Most extraction forceps are identified by a “figure” or “Fig.” number — a long-standing system that links each pattern to the teeth it is designed for. Certain figures are intended for upper incisors and canines, others for upper premolars, upper molars (with left and right versions for the buccal root), lower anteriors, lower molars and roots. Learning the figures you use most often is the quickest way to set up a predictable extraction tray.

Upper vs lower forceps

Upper (maxillary) forceps are generally straight or gently curved so the beaks reach the upper arch in line with the roots. Lower (mandibular) forceps are angled close to a right angle to the handle so the beaks sit vertically on the lower teeth. Molar forceps often have pointed beaks that engage the furcation between roots, and upper molar forceps come in left and right designs.

Anterior, premolar, molar and root forceps

• Anterior forceps — rounded beaks for single-rooted incisors and canines.
• Premolar forceps — narrower beaks shaped for premolar crowns and roots.
• Molar forceps — wider, often pointed beaks that grip multi-rooted molars; upper versions are side-specific.
• Root forceps — fine, narrow beaks for retained roots and fragments.

Choosing and caring for your forceps

Match the forceps to the tooth, check that the beaks are sharp and meet correctly, and keep a small range that covers the extractions you perform most. Clean and autoclave forceps after every use, and inspect the joint and beaks regularly so they stay reliable.

Browse our full range of dental extraction forceps to find the figures you need.